Epstein Files Reveal Global Abuse Claims, Urge Action

Women make up the majority of victims of human trafficking for sexual exploitation. (file photo)

The large-scale disclosure of materials known as the “Epstein Files” has revealed “disturbing and credible evidence” of what independent human rights experts describe as a possible global criminal enterprise involving systematic sexual abuse, trafficking and exploitation of women and girls.

In a statement on Monday, independent experts serving in their personal capacities under mandates from the UN Human Rights Council — and who are not UN staff — warned that the alleged acts documented in the files could amount to some of the gravest crimes under international law.

According to the experts, the reported conduct could constitute sexual slavery, reproductive violence, enforced disappearance, torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, and femicide.

"So grave is the scale, nature, systematic character and transnational reach of these atrocities against women and girls that a number of them may reasonably meet the legal threshold of crimes against humanity,” they said.

Crimes against humanity threshold

Under international criminal law, crimes against humanity occur when acts such as rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, trafficking, persecution, torture or murder are committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against a civilian population, with knowledge of the attack.

The experts said the patterns described in the files may meet this threshold and should be prosecuted in all competent national and international courts.

The disclosure process stems from the Epstein Files Transparency Act, signed into law on 19 November 2025. On 30 January 2026, following delays, the United States Department of Justice released a major tranche of material comprising more than three million pages, 2,000 videos and 180,000 images.

Background to the case

Jeffrey Epstein, who died by suicide at age 66 in August 2019 in a New York jail cell, moved in elite circles that included politicians, celebrities and business figures. He faced criminal investigations in the United States over allegations that he operated a system to recruit and sexually exploit young girls, many of them minors and in vulnerable circumstances.

His associate, Ghislaine Maxwell, was convicted in 2021 of sex trafficking and related offences and sentenced in 2022 to 20 years in prison. However, questions persist about the potential involvement of additional individuals, financial networks and possible transnational dimensions of the alleged enterprise.

Independent investigation urged

The experts praised the courage and resilience of victims seeking accountability at significant personal cost, stressing that under international human rights law, States are obligated to prevent, investigate and punish violence against women and girls, including acts committed by private actors.

They added that all allegations contained in the files are “egregious in nature” and require independent, thorough and impartial investigation, along with inquiries into how such crimes could have continued for so long.

“These crimes were committed against a backdrop of supremacist beliefs, racism, corruption, extreme misogyny, and the commodification and dehumanisation of women and girls from different parts of the world,” they said.

Tribute to survivors

The experts also cited “grave errors” in the release process, including the exposure of sensitive victim information, and stressed the urgent need for victim-centred procedures for disclosure and redaction to prevent further harm.

“The failure to safeguard their privacy puts them at risk of retaliation and stigma,” they warned.

Calls for accountability

They emphasised that resignations by implicated individuals are not an adequate substitute for criminal accountability, while welcoming steps by some governments to investigate officials and private individuals named in the files. Other States were urged to follow suit.

“Any suggestion that it is time to move on from the ‘Epstein Files’ is unacceptable. It represents a failure of responsibility towards victims,” they said.

“It is imperative that governments act decisively to hold perpetrators accountable. No one is too wealthy or too powerful to be above the law.”