3 US physicists win Nobel for quantum tunneling research

Nobel Prize laureates in Physics John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis. Christine Olsson-TT News Agency via AP_11zon

John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics on Tuesday for their pioneering research into quantum mechanical tunneling.

Clarke conducted his work at the University of California, Berkeley; Martinis at the University of California, Santa Barbara; and Devoret at both Yale University and UC Santa Barbara.

“To put it mildly, it was the surprise of my life,” Clarke told reporters at the announcement by phone after being told of his win.

He paid tribute to the other two laureates, saying that “their contributions are just overwhelming."

“Our discovery in some ways is the basis of quantum computing. Exactly at this moment where this fits in is not entirely clear to me.”

Speaking from his cellphone, Clarke said: “One of the underlying reasons that cellphones work is because of all this work’’

The Nobel committee said that the laureates' work provides opportunities to develop “the next generation of quantum technology, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors.”

“It is wonderful to be able to celebrate the way that century-old quantum mechanics continually offers new surprises. It is also enormously useful, as quantum mechanics is the foundation of all digital technology,” said Olle Eriksson, Chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.

It is the 119th time the prize has been awarded. Last year, artificial intelligence pioneers John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton won the physics prize for helping create the building blocks of machine learning.

On Monday, Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi won the Nobel Prize in medicine on Monday for discoveries about how the immune system knows to attack germs and not our bodies.

The Nobel announcements will continue with the Chemistry Prize on Wednesday and the Literature Prize on Thursday. The Nobel Peace Prize will be revealed on Friday, followed by the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences on October 13.

The official award ceremony will take place on December 10, commemorating the 1896 death of Alfred Nobel, the Swedish industrialist and inventor of dynamite who established the prizes.

Each Nobel Prize includes a prestigious title and a monetary award of 11 million Swedish kronor, equivalent to nearly $1.2 million.